-
1 native speaker
a person who has spoken a particular language ever since he was able to speak at all:ناطِق اللغَهa native Spanish speaker.
-
2 non-native speaker of English
Abbreviation: NNSoEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > non-native speaker of English
-
3 Native English Speaker
University: NESУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Native English Speaker
-
4 madrelingua
1. f mother tongue2. m f native speaker* * *madrelingua s.f. (lingua madre) mother tongue, native tongue, native language: è di madrelingua inglese, his mother tongue is English◆ s.m. e f. (chi parla la propria lingua d'origine) native speaker: è un madrelingua inglese, he is a native speaker of English◆ agg. (che parla la propria lingua d'origine) mother tongue: insegnante madrelingua cercasi, mother-tongue teacher required (o native speaker sought as teacher).* * *[madre'linɡwa]1. sfmother tongue, native language2. sm/f inv(persona) native speaker* * *[madre'lingwa] 1.sostantivo femminile mother tongue, native tongue2.sostantivo maschile e sostantivo femminile invariabile native speaker3.aggettivo invariabile* * *madrelingua/madre'lingwa/I sostantivo f.mother tongue, native tongue; essere di madrelingua inglese to be a native speaker of EnglishII m. e f.inv.native speakerinsegnante madrelingua mother-tongue teacher. -
5 madrelingua
-
6 nativo
adj.native, original, primitive, aboriginal.m.native, aborigine, aboriginal.* * *► adjetivo1 native► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 native\(profesor,-ra) nativo,-a native teacher* * *(f. - nativa)noun adj.* * *nativo, -a1. ADJ1) [persona, país] native2) (=innato) natural, innate3) (Min) native2.SM / F native* * *I- va adjetivoa) <tierra/país/lengua> nativeclases de ruso, profesor nativo — native speaker offers Russian classes
b) <flora/fauna> nativeII* * *I- va adjetivoa) <tierra/país/lengua> nativeclases de ruso, profesor nativo — native speaker offers Russian classes
b) <flora/fauna> nativeII* * *nativo11 = native, native speaker, native inhabitant.Ex: Malcolm Stanhope, also a native of the state, entered the library field at the age of 30, after having been a computer salesman for eight years.
Ex: Native speakers were significantly more likely to use plural word forms when searching and to experiment with synonyms and alternative words to search for topics.Ex: The discovery of gold spurred wealth and immigation and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants = El descubrimiento de oro fomentó la riqueza y la inmigración e intensificó la represión de la población nativa.* nativo de Alaska = Alaskan Native.* nativos = aboriginal people.nativo22 = native, autochthonous, native-born.Ex: During his relatively brief career as a corporate tactician, Jeff Gordon, a lanky 32-year-old who retains a touch of the 'aw shucks' manner of his native southland, has chalked up some substantial achievement.
Ex: The paper argues that autochthonous language communities should be formally recognised as distinct ethnic groups.Ex: Rapid increases in the foreign-born population at the state level are not associated with negative effects on the employment of native-born workers.* indio nativo americano = American Indian, Native American.* lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.* población nativa = native population, aboriginal people, native inhabitant.* * *1 ‹tierra/país› native2 ( Ling):lengua nativo native language, mother tongue[ S ] clases de ruso, profesor nativo native speaker offers Russian classes3 ‹flora/fauna› native nativo DE algo native TO sthun árbol nativo de África a tree native to Africa4 ‹metal/mineral› nativemasculine, feminine1 (aborigen) native2 (hablante) native speakerCompuesto:nativo digital, nativa digital( Inf) digital native* * *
nativo◊ -va adjetivo
nativo de algo native to sth
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino ( aborigen) native;
( hablante) native speaker
nativo,-a adjetivo & sustantivo masculino y femenino native
' nativo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
castellana
- castellano
- nativa
- natural
- criollo
English:
born
- native
* * *nativo, -a♦ adj1. [persona, costumbre] native;profesor nativo native-speaker teacher2. [mineral] native♦ nm,f1. [natural] native2. [hablante] native (speaker)* * *I adj native (de to)II m, nativa f native* * *nativo, -va adj & n: native* * *nativo adj n native -
7 hablante
adj.1 speaking.2 talking, speaking.f. & m.1 speaker.hablante nativo native speaker2 person who speaks, speaker.* * *► adjetivo1 speaking1 speaker* * *1.ADJ speaking2.SMF speaker* * *masculino y femenino speaker* * *----* hispanohablantes = Spanish-speaking people.* * *masculino y femenino speaker* * ** hispanohablantes = Spanish-speaking people.* * *speaker* * *
hablante mf speaker
' hablante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
irse
- llevar
- salir
- subir
- volver
- volverse
- acercar
- nativo
- pasar
English:
must
- speaker
- speaking
- native
- -speaking
* * *♦ adjspeaking♦ nmfspeaker;hablante nativo native speaker* * *m/f speaker* * *hablante nmf: speaker -
8 lengua
f.1 tongue.lengua de víbora o viperina (figurative) malicious tonguelengua de tierra tongue of landlas malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…ir/llegar con la lengua fuera (informal) to go along/arrive puffing and pantingmorderse la lengua to bite one's tonguese le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words2 language (idioma, lenguaje).lengua materna mother tonguelengua muerta dead language* * *1 ANATOMÍA tongue2 (idioma) language3 (de tierra) strip\con la lengua fuera familiar with one's tongue hanging outdarle a la lengua familiar to chatdicen las malas lenguas que... gossip has it that...hacerse lenguas de algo to rave about somethingirse de la lengua familiar to let the cat out of the bagno tener pelos en la lengua figurado not to mince one's wordstener algo en la punta de la lengua figurado to have something on the tip of one's tonguetener la lengua muy larga familiar to have a loose tonguetener una lengua viperina to have a vicious tonguetirar de la lengua a alguien familiar to pump somebody for informationtrabarse la lengua to get tongue-tiedlengua de gato langue de chatlengua d'oc langue d'oclengua d'oíl langue d'oïllengua de trapo babblinglengua madre parent languagelengua materna mother tongue* * *noun f.1) tongue2) language* * *SF1) (Anat) tongue•
beber con la lengua — to lap up•
mala lengua — gossipsegún las malas lenguas... — according to gossip...
•
sacar la lengua, abra la boca y saque la lengua — open your mouth and put o stick your tongue out- ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato?largo 1., 1), trabar 3.lengua viperina — sharp tongue, vicious tongue
2) [de campana] tongue, clapper3) (Geog)lengua de tierra — spit of land, tongue of land
4) (Ling) language, tongue; Esp (Escol) Spanish language ( as a school subject)LENGUAS COOFICIALES Under the Spanish constitution catalán, euskera and gallego are lenguas oficiales and enjoy the same status as castellano in the autonomous regions in which they are spoken. These languages are also known as lenguas cooficiales to show they enjoy equal status with Spanish. The regional governments actively promote their use through the media and the education system.hablar en lengua — And to speak Quichua
See:ver nota culturelle CATALÁN in catalán,ver nota culturelle EUSKERA in euskera,ver nota culturelle GALLEGO in gallego* * *1)a) (Anat) tonguecon la lengua fuera — (fam)
darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter
desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk
irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)
no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I
morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue
soltar la lengua — to spill the beans
¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)
tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me
b) (Coc) tongue2) (Ling) language••• Cultural note:The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature* * *= language, tongue.Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.Ex. Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.----* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).* darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.* decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.* de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.* dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.* dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.* en diversas lenguas = multilingually.* en dos lenguas = bilingually.* enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.* enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.* entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.* en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.* hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.* hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.* hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.* humedecer con la lengua = lick.* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.* lengua autóctona = indigenous language.* lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.* lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.* lengua de intercambio = exchange language.* lengua escrita = written language.* lengua extinta = extinct language.* lengua extranjera = foreign language.* lengua flexionada = inflected language.* lengua franca = lingua franca.* lengua hablada = spoken language.* lengua indígena = indigenous language.* lengua inglesa = English language.* lengua mandarina = Mandarin.* lengua materna = mother tongue.* lengua minoritaria = minority language.* lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.* lengua nacional = national language.* lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.* lengua negra = hairy tongue.* lengua oficial común = working language.* lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.* lengua peluda = hairy tongue.* lengua romance = romance language.* lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.* lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* mojar con la lengua = lick.* morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.* no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.* persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.* piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).* sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.* soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).* * *1)a) (Anat) tonguecon la lengua fuera — (fam)
darle a la lengua — (fam) to chatter
desatársele la lengua a alguien — to start to talk
irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a alguien — (fam)
no te vayas a ir de la lengua — make sure you don't tell anybody; malo I
morderse la lengua — to bite one's tongue
soltar la lengua — to spill the beans
¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? — (fam & hum) has the cat got your tongue? (colloq)
tirarle de or (AmL) tirarle or jalarle la lengua a alguien: hay que tirarle (de) la lengua you have to drag everything out of him; sé mucho sobre ti así que no me tires (de) la lengua — I know a lot about you, so don't provoke me
b) (Coc) tongue2) (Ling) language••• Cultural note:The regional languages of Spain, catalán, euskera, and gallego, which now have equal status with Castilian in the regions where they are spoken. Banned under Franco, they continued to be spoken privately. They are now widely used in public life, education, and the media, cinema and literature* * *= language, tongue.Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
Ex: Although I do at times write with my tongue between my lips (the standard attitude of deep concentration), there are other times when it is equally firmly in my cheek.* Asociación de Lenguas Modernas (MLA) = Modern Language Association (MLA).* darle a la lengua = shoot + the breeze, shoot + the bull.* decían las malas lenguas que = rumour had it that.* de lengua árabe = Arabic speaking.* dicen las malas lenguas que = rumour has it that.* dominio de una lengua extranjera = language proficiency.* en diversas lenguas = multilingually.* en dos lenguas = bilingually.* enfermedad de la lengua azul = bluetongue disease.* enredo de lengua = slip of the tongue.* entre varias lenguas = cross-lingual.* en varias lenguas = cross-lingual, cross-language, multilingually.* hablar con lengua de serpiente = talk with + a twisted tongue.* hablar con lengua de serpiente = speak with + a twisted tongue, speak with + a split tongue, speak with + a forked tongue.* hablar en lengua desconocida = speak in + tongues, talk in + tongues.* humedecer con la lengua = lick.* irse de la lengua = spill + the beans, shoot + Posesivo + mouth off, let + the cat out of the bag, blow + the gaff.* lengua autóctona = indigenous language.* lengua bífida = forked tongue, split tongue.* lengua de fuego = tongue of fire.* lengua de intercambio = exchange language.* lengua escrita = written language.* lengua extinta = extinct language.* lengua extranjera = foreign language.* lengua flexionada = inflected language.* lengua franca = lingua franca.* lengua hablada = spoken language.* lengua indígena = indigenous language.* lengua inglesa = English language.* lengua mandarina = Mandarin.* lengua materna = mother tongue.* lengua minoritaria = minority language.* lengua muerta = dead language, dead tongue.* lengua nacional = national language.* lengua nativa = native language, native tongue.* lengua negra = hairy tongue.* lengua oficial común = working language.* lengua oscurecida = black hairy tongue.* lengua peluda = hairy tongue.* lengua romance = romance language.* lengua vernácula = vernacular, vernacular language.* lengua /conocimiento de lengua = language skill.* mojar con la lengua = lick.* morderse la lengua = stay + Posesivo + tongue, hold + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + tongue, bite + Posesivo + lip.* no morderse la lengua = call + a spade a spade.* no tener pelos en lengua = call + a spade a spade.* país cuya lengua oficial no es el inglés = non-English-speaking country.* persona que sólo habla una lengua = monoglot.* piercing para la lengua = tongue stud.* recuperación de información en varias lenguas = cross-language information retrieval (CLIR).* sin pelos en la lengua = outspokenly.* soltársele a Uno la lengua = tongue + be unloosed.* tener pelos en la lengua = mince + words.* TOEFL (Examen de Inglés como Segunda Lengua) = TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language).* * *lenguas cooficiales (↑ lengua a1)A1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] ( Anat) tonguesaca la lengua put out your tongueme sacó la lengua he stuck his tongue out at mese me traba la lengua I get tongue-tiedtengo la lengua pastosa or estropajosa I have a cotton mouth ( AmE colloq), I've got a furry tongue ( BrE colloq)andar en lenguas ( fam); to be the subject of gossipcon la lengua fuera ( fam): llegamos a casa con la lengua fuera by the time we got home our tongues were hanging out ( colloq)todos se hacen lenguas de su belleza everyone raves about how beautiful she isirse de la lenguaor írsele la lengua a algn ( fam): no debía haber dicho eso pero se me fue la lengua I shouldn't have said that but it just slipped outquiero que sea una sorpresa así que no te vayas a ir de la lengua I want it to be a secret so don't go and let the cat out of the bag ( colloq)morderse la lengua to bite one's tonguesoltar la lengua to spill the beanssoltarle la lengua a algn to make sb talk¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? o ( Esp) ¿te ha comido la lengua el gato? ( fam hum); has the cat got your tongue? ( colloq), have you lost your tongue? ( colloq)tener una lengua viperina or de víbora to have a sharp tonguetirarle or ( AmL) jalarle (de) la lengua a algn: hay que tirarle de la lengua para que te cuente nada you have to drag everything out of him o you have to pump him, otherwise he doesn't tell you anythingsé mucho sobre tus negocios sucios así que no me tires de la lengua I know a lot about your shady deals, so don't provoke me …2 ( Coc) tongue3 (de tierra) spit, tongue4 (de fuego) tongueCompuesto:langue de chatB ( Ling) languagela lengua y el habla langue and parolelengua de trapo baby talkCompuestos:target language● lengua de oc/d'oillangue d'oc/d'oïlsource language● lengua madre or maternamother tonguetarget language, object languagedead languagetarget language, object languageliving language* * *
lengua sustantivo femenino
1a) (Anat) tongue;◊ se me traba la lengua I get tongue-tied (colloq);
irse de la lengua or írsele la lengua a algn (fam): no debía haberlo dicho pero se me fue la lengua I shouldn't have said it but it just slipped out;
no te vayas a ir de la lengua make sure you don't tell anybody;
See Also→ malo2b) (Coc) tongue
( de fuego) tongue
2 (Ling) language;
lengua sustantivo femenino
1 Anat tongue
figurado tener la lengua afilada, to have a sharp tongue
lengua viperina, poisonous tongue
mala lengua, gossip: dicen las malas lenguas que se casó con ella por interés, rumour has it that he married her for selfish reasons
2 Ling language
lengua materna, native o mother tongue
lengua muerta, dead language
segunda lengua, second language
3 (franja estrecha) spit, tongue: una lengua de mar se adentra en la costa, a spit of land cuts into the coast
4 (badajo) clapper
♦ Locuciones: con la lengua fuera: terminamos el examen con la lengua fuera, by the end of the exam we were exhausted
fam fig irse de la lengua, to spill the beans
morderse uno la lengua, to bite one's tongue: tuve que morderme la lengua para no decir lo que pensaba, I had to bite my tongue to stop myself from blurting it out
familiar tener la lengua muy larga, to be a bigmouth: tu hermana tiene la lengua muy larga, your sister is a bigmouth
fam fig tirarle a alguien de la lengua, to try to drag sthg out of sb
' lengua' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
academia
- achicharrarse
- autóctona
- autóctono
- bífida
- bífido
- chascar
- chasquear
- chasquido
- contaminar
- ELE
- habla
- hablar
- materna
- materno
- pastosa
- pastoso
- pelo
- punta
- sacar
- sarro
- trabarse
- vernácula
- vernáculo
- viperina
- viperino
- afilado
- clásico
- conocer
- corromper
- corrupción
- enriquecer
- manejo
- nativo
- quemar
- románico
- sucio
- trabar
- transmitir
- vivo
English:
bite
- bite back
- click
- draw out
- first language
- fur
- guttural
- language
- mince
- mother tongue
- origin
- put out
- Romanic
- second language
- specially
- stick out
- thrust out
- tip
- tongue
- venomous
- assistant
- hang
- lick
- mother
- out
- sharp
- stumble
- TEFL
- tut
- vernacular
* * *lengua nf1. [órgano] tongue;sacarle la lengua a alguien to stick one's tongue out at sb;se le trabó la lengua she stumbled over her words;también Figmorderse la lengua to bite one's tongue;Famdarle a la lengua to chatter;Fam Famir/llegar con la lengua fuera to go along/arrive puffing and panting;Famser largo de lengua, tener la lengua muy larga to be a gossip;las malas lenguas dicen que… according to the gossip…;lo tengo en la punta de la lengua I've got it on the tip of my tongue;Fam¿(se) te ha comido la lengua el gato?, Am [m5]¿te comieron la lengua los ratones? has the cat got your tongue?;Famtirar a alguien de la lengua to draw sb outlengua de buey [planta] bugloss;lengua de ciervo [planta] hart's-tongue fern;lengua de fuego tongue of flame;Esp lengua de gato [de chocolate] langue de chat; Fig lengua de víbora malicious tongue; Fig lengua viperina malicious tongue2. [de tierra] tongueGeol lengua glaciar glacier tongue3. [idioma, lenguaje] languagelengua culta educated speech;lengua de destino target language;lengua escrita written language;lengua estándar standard language;lengua franca lingua franca;lengua fuente source language;lengua hablada spoken language;lengua de llegada target language;lengua materna mother tongue;mi lengua materna no es el español I'm not a native speaker of Spanish;lengua meta target language;lenguas modernas modern languages;lengua muerta dead language;lengua normativa standard language;lengua de oc langue d'oc;lengua de oíl langue d'oïl;lengua original original o source language;lengua romance Romance language;lengua románica Romance language;lengua viva living language;lengua vulgar vulgar o coarse language* * *f tongue;darle a la lengua fam chatter;de doble filo sharp tongue;tirar a alguien de la lengua get information out of s.o.;con la lengua fuera fig with one’s tongue hanging out;irse de la lengua let the cat out of the bag;morderse la lengua fig bite one’s tongue;sacar la lengua a alguien stick one’s tongue out at s.o.;lo tengo en la punta de la lengua it’s on the tip of my tongue* * *lengua nf1) : tonguemorderse la lengua: to bite one's tongue2) idioma: languagelengua materna: mother tongue, native languagelengua muerta: dead language* * *lengua n1. (del cuerpo) tongue2. (idioma) languagelengua materna native language / mother tongue -
9 saludo
m.greeting.dale saludos de mi parte give her my regardspres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: saludar.* * *1 greeting2 MILITAR salute\reciba un atento saludo de (en carta) yours faithfullyun saludo de / atentos saludos de (en carta) best wishes from* * *noun m.1) greeting2) salute•- saludos* * *SM1) [al encontrarse con algn] (=palabra) greeting; (=gesto) wavenos dirigió un saludo con la mano — he gave us a wave, he waved to us
saludos o un saludo a Adela — regards to Adela
2) [en carta]un saludo afectuoso o cordial — kind regards
¡saludos a Teresa de mi parte! — give my best wishes to Teresa!, say hello to Teresa for me!
atentos saludos — yours sincerely, yours truly (EEUU)
saludos respetuosos — † respectfully yours
3) (Mil) salute* * *a) ( fórmula verbal) greetingsaludos a tu hermana — give my regards to your sister, say hello to your sister for o from me
te mandan or envían saludos — they send (you) their regards o best wishes
reciba un saludo cordial de — (Corresp) with best wishes
saludos — (Corresp) best wishes
retirarle or quitarle el saludo a alguien — to stop speaking to somebody
b) ( gesto) wavele hice un saludo con la mano — I gave him a wave o I waved to him
c) (Mil) salute* * *= bow, salutation, salute, greeting.Ex. He has an example, in the fact that the outranged Europeans still failed to adopt the Turkish bow = El tiene un ejemplo en el hecho de que los europeos en tierras lejanas seguían sin adoptar el saludo turco.Ex. Communicative behaviours such as salutations, farewells and hand gestures are examples of protocols that all native speaker a language already know how to perform.Ex. The article 'A centennial salute to Ranganathan' examines aspects of the lasting worldwide influence of the Father of Indian Librarianship, S.R. Ranganathan (1892-1972).Ex. She began, right off, without a greeting.----* intercambiar saludos = exchange + greeting.* saludos = with best regards.* * *a) ( fórmula verbal) greetingsaludos a tu hermana — give my regards to your sister, say hello to your sister for o from me
te mandan or envían saludos — they send (you) their regards o best wishes
reciba un saludo cordial de — (Corresp) with best wishes
saludos — (Corresp) best wishes
retirarle or quitarle el saludo a alguien — to stop speaking to somebody
b) ( gesto) wavele hice un saludo con la mano — I gave him a wave o I waved to him
c) (Mil) salute* * *= bow, salutation, salute, greeting.Ex: He has an example, in the fact that the outranged Europeans still failed to adopt the Turkish bow = El tiene un ejemplo en el hecho de que los europeos en tierras lejanas seguían sin adoptar el saludo turco.
Ex: Communicative behaviours such as salutations, farewells and hand gestures are examples of protocols that all native speaker a language already know how to perform.Ex: The article 'A centennial salute to Ranganathan' examines aspects of the lasting worldwide influence of the Father of Indian Librarianship, S.R. Ranganathan (1892-1972).Ex: She began, right off, without a greeting.* intercambiar saludos = exchange + greeting.* saludos = with best regards.* * *1 [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (fórmula verbal) greetingdirigió un cálido saludo a la concurrencia he greeted the audience warmlysaludos a tu hermana give my regards to your sister, say hello to your sister for o from mete mandan or envían saludos they send (you) their regards o best wishesya ni me dirige el saludo he doesn't speak to me anymore, he doesn't even say hello to me anymorereciba un saludo cordial de ( Corresp) with best wishesdejar a algn con el saludo en la boca to cut sb deadretirarle or quitarle el saludo a algn to stop speaking to sb2 (gesto) waveal pasar le hice un saludo con la mano I gave him a wave o I waved to him as I went past* * *
Del verbo saludar: ( conjugate saludar)
saludo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
saludó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
saludar
saludo
saludar ( conjugate saludar) verbo transitivo
lo saluda atentamente (Corresp) Sincerely (yours) (AmE), Yours sincerely (BrE);
los saludó con la mano she waved at themb) (Mil) to salute
verbo intransitivo
c) (Mil) to salute
saludarse verbo pronominal ( recípr) to say hello to o greet each other
saludo sustantivo masculinoa) greeting;◊ te mandan saludos they send (you) their regards o best wishes;
saludos (Corresp) best wishes;
le hice un saludo con la mano I gave him a wave, I waved to himb) (Mil) salute
saludar verbo transitivo
1 (a alguien directamente) (de palabra) to say hello to, greet
(con la mano) to wave to
2 (a alguien a través de otros) to send regards to: salúdales de nuestra parte, give them our regards
3 (a alguien en una carta) le saluda atentamente, yours faithfully o sincerely
4 Mil to salute
5 (un acontecimiento, una medida) to welcome
saludamos la proclamación de independencia, we welcome the proclamation of independence
saludo sustantivo masculino
1 (de palabra) greeting
2 (con la mano) wave
3 Mil salute
♦ Locuciones: retirar el saludo a alguien, to stop talking to sb
un saludo o saludos, best wishes, regards
' saludo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adiós
- calurosa
- caluroso
- esbozar
- hombre
- lado
- negar
- noche
- recuerdo
- saluda
- servidor
- servidora
- siquiera
- afectuoso
- cariñoso
- cordial
- encabezamiento
- hola
- recibir
- saludar
English:
best
- bow
- compliment
- cut
- evening
- greeting
- hail
- hearty
- if
- nod
- remember
- salute
- wave
- wish
- yours
* * *saludo nm1. [por cortesía] greeting;Ana te manda saludos [en carta] Ana sends you her regards;[al teléfono] Ana says hello;dale saludos de mi parte give her my regards;saludos a Aitana say hello to Aitana for me;un saludo afectuoso [en cartas] yours sincerely;me ha retirado el saludo she's not speaking to me2. [de soldado, policía] salute* * *m1 greeting;mandar saludos a alguien send s.o. one’s regards o one’s best wishes2 en carta:saludos best wishes;(reciba) un cordial saludo regards, (with) best wishes3 MIL salute* * *saludo nm1) : greeting, regards pl2) : salute* * *saludo n1. (en general) greeting2. (militares) saluteun cordial saludo de... best wishes from... -
10 in
Präp.1. räumlich: (wo?) in, at; einer Stadt: in; einem kleineren Ort: auch at; (innerhalb) within; im Haus in(side) the house, indoors; im ersten Stock on the first (Am. second) floor; in der Kirche / Schule at (Am. auch in) church / school; Gebäude: in the church / school; im Theater at the theat|re (Am. auch -er); in England in England; waren Sie schon in England? have you ever been to England?; ich habe in München studiert I studied at (Am. in) Munich; im Kreis in a circle2. räumlich: (wohin?) into, in; in die Kirche / Schule to ( hinein: into the) church / school; in die Schweiz to Switzerland; gehen wir ins Haus let’s go indoors ( oder inside)3. zeitlich: in; (während) during; (innerhalb) within; Dauer: in drei Tagen in three days; in diesem / im letzten / nächsten Jahr this / last / next year; heute in acht Tagen a week (from) today; im Jahr 2003 in (the year) 2003; im ( Monat) Februar in (the month of) February; im Frühling / Herbst in (the) spring / autumn (bes. Am. fall); in der Nacht at night, during the night; in letzter Zeit lately4. Art und Weise: in größter Eile in a great rush; ich bin in Eile I’m in a hurry; in tiefer Trauer in Todesanzeigen: sadly missed by; wir sind in Sorge, dass... we are worried ( oder concerned) that...5. eine Situation bezeichnend: im Alter von at the age of; in Behandlung sein be having treatment; in Vorbereitung being prepared, in preparation, in the pipeline umg.; in einem Klub etc. sein be in a club etc., belong to a club etc.; in Biologie ist er schwach he’s not very good at biology—* * *in; within; into; at* * *ịn [ɪn]1. prep → auch im, inser ist Professor in St. Andrews — he is a professor at St. Andrews (University)
in die Schule/Kirche gehen — to go to school/church
er ist in der Schule/Kirche — he's at or in school/church
die Heizung in der Schule/Kirche — the heating in the school/church
2) (zeitlich: wann? +dat) inin diesem Jahr (laufendes Jahr) — this year; (jenes Jahr) (in) that year
heute/morgen in acht Tagen/zwei Wochen — a week/two weeks today/tomorrow
bis ins 18. Jahrhundert — into or up to the 18th century
vom 16. bis ins 18. Jahrhundert — from the 16th to the 18th century
bis ins 18. Jahrhundert zurück — back to the 18th century
3)in die hunderte or Hunderte gehen — to run into (the) hundreds
er macht jetzt in Gebrauchtwagen (inf) — he's in the second-hand car business now
sie hat es in sich (dat) (inf) — she's quite a girl
dieser Whisky hat es in sich (dat) (inf) — this whisky packs quite a punch (inf), this whisky has quite a kick (inf)
2. adj pred (inf)* * *1) at2) (state or occupation: The countries are at war; She is at work.) at3) (describing the position of a thing etc which is surrounded by something else: My mother is in the house; in London; in bed.) in4) (showing the direction of movement: He put his hand in his pocket.) in5) (describing the time at, after or within which something happens: in the morning; I'll be back in a week.) in6) (indicating amount or relative number: They arrived in large numbers.) in7) (expressing circumstances, state, manner etc of an event, person etc: dressed in a brown coat; walking in the rain; in a hurry; written in English; He is in the army; books tied up in bundles; She is in her sixties.) in8) (describing something which is fashionable or popular: Short skirts are in at the moment.) in9) (to or towards the inside of; to within: The eggs were put into the box; They disappeared into the mist.) into10) (expressing the idea of division: Two into four goes twice.) into11) on13) (in the state or process of: He's on holiday.) on14) (taking part in: He is on the committee; Which detective is working on this case?) on15) (into a particular state or condition: She tore the letter to pieces.) to16) under* * *in1[ɪn]sie wohnt \in Berlin she lives in Berlinbist du schon mal in New York gewesen? have you ever been to New York?ich arbeite seit einem Jahr \in dieser Firma I've been working for this company for a yearer war nie \in einer Partei he has never been a member of a partydu siehst \in diesem Kleid toll aus you look great in that dresses stand gestern \in der Zeitung it was in the newspaper yesterday\in der Kirche/Schule sein to be at church/schoolwir fahren \in die Stadt we're going into towner warf die Reste \in den Mülleimer he threw the leftovers in the bin\in die Kirche/Schule gehen to go to church/school\in die Mongolei/Schweiz to Mongolia/Switzerland\ins Theater gehen to go to the theatre\in einem Jahr bin ich 18 in a year I'll be 18\in diesem Augenblick at this moment\in diesem Jahr/Monat/Sommer this year/month/summerheute \in zwei Wochen two weeks todaywir haben bis \in die Nacht getanzt we danced until the early hoursbis \in das neunzehnte Jahrhundert hinein up to [or into] the nineteenth centurybis \in jds früheste Kindheit zurück back to sb's earliest childhooder ist Fachmann \in seinem Beruf he is an expert in his field\in Französisch haben wir eine Muttersprachlerin we have a native speaker in [or for] Frenchich habe mich \in ihm getäuscht I was wrong about himetw hat es \in sich sth has what it takesder Schnaps hat es \in sich the schnapps packs a punch, that's some schnapps!er handelt \in Textilien he deals in textileshaben Sie nichts \in Blau? haven't you got anything in blue?\in Schwierigkeiten sein [o stecken] to be in difficulties\in Vorbereitung sein to be being prepared\in Wirklichkeit in realityin2[ɪn]▪ \in sein to be indiese Musik ist gerade \in this kind of music is really in at the moment* * *I 1.1) (räumlich, fig.) inin Deutschland/der Schweiz — in Germany/Switzerland
in der Schule/Kirche — at school/church
in der Schule/Kirche steht noch eine alte Orgel — there's still an old organ in the school/church
2) (zeitlich) inin zwei Tagen/einer Woche — in two days/a week
[gerade] in dem Moment, als er kam — the [very] moment he came
in diesem Jahr/Monat — this/that year/month
3) (modal) inin Farbe/Schwarzweiß — in colour/black and white
in deutsch/englisch — in German/English
in Mathematik/Englisch — in mathematics/English
4) iner hat es in sich — (ugs.) he's got what it takes (coll.)
der Schnaps/diese Übersetzung hat es in sich — (ugs.) this schnapps packs a punch (coll.) /this translation is a tough one
5) (Kaufmannsspr.)2.in etwas handeln — deal in something; s. auch im
1) (räumlich, fig.) intoin die Stadt/das Dorf — into town/the village
in die Kirche/Schule gehen — go to church/school
2) (zeitlich) into3) (fig.)sich in jemanden verlieben — fall in love with somebody
IIin etwas einwilligen — agree or consent to something; s. auch ins
Adjektiv (ugs.)* * *in1 präpim Haus in(side) the house, indoors;im ersten Stock on the first (US second) floor;im Theater at the theatre (US auch -er);in England in England;waren Sie schon in England? have you ever been to England?;ich habe in München studiert I studied at (US in) Munich;im Kreis in a circle2. räumlich: (wohin?) into, in;in die Kirche/Schule to ( hinein: into the) church/school;in die Schweiz to Switzerland;gehen wir ins Haus let’s go indoors ( oder inside)in drei Tagen in three days;in diesem/im letzten/nächsten Jahr this/last/next year;heute in acht Tagen a week (from) today;im Jahr 2003 in (the year) 2003;im (Monat) Februar in (the month of) February;im Frühling/Herbst in (the) spring/autumn (besonders US fall);in der Nacht at night, during the night;in letzter Zeit lately4. Art und Weise:in größter Eile in a great rush;ich bin in Eile I’m in a hurry;in tiefer Trauer in Todesanzeigen: sadly missed by;wir sind in Sorge, dass … we are worried ( oder concerned) that …im Alter von at the age of;in Behandlung sein be having treatment;in Vorbereitung being prepared, in preparation, in the pipeline umg;in einem Klub etcin Biologie ist er schwach he’s not very good at biology6. WIRTSCH in;in2 adj; nur präd:in sein umg be in, be the fashion1. (Böttcher) cooper2. obs (Warenkontrolleur) etwa port inspector* * *I 1.1) (räumlich, fig.) inin Deutschland/der Schweiz — in Germany/Switzerland
in der Schule/Kirche — at school/church
in der Schule/Kirche steht noch eine alte Orgel — there's still an old organ in the school/church
2) (zeitlich) inin zwei Tagen/einer Woche — in two days/a week
[gerade] in dem Moment, als er kam — the [very] moment he came
in diesem Jahr/Monat — this/that year/month
3) (modal) inin Farbe/Schwarzweiß — in colour/black and white
in deutsch/englisch — in German/English
in Mathematik/Englisch — in mathematics/English
4) iner hat es in sich — (ugs.) he's got what it takes (coll.)
der Schnaps/diese Übersetzung hat es in sich — (ugs.) this schnapps packs a punch (coll.) /this translation is a tough one
5) (Kaufmannsspr.)2.in etwas handeln — deal in something; s. auch im
1) (räumlich, fig.) intoin die Stadt/das Dorf — into town/the village
in die Kirche/Schule gehen — go to church/school
2) (zeitlich) into3) (fig.)IIin etwas einwilligen — agree or consent to something; s. auch ins
Adjektiv (ugs.)* * *(... hinein) präp.into prep. (hellen) Scharen ausdr.in droves expr. (nach) Übersee adj.overseas adj. adj.on adj. präp.at prep.in prep.into prep. -
11 lección
f.lesson, reading.* * *1 lesson\dar una lección a alguien figurado to teach somebody a lessontomarle la lección a alguien to test somebodylección inaugural inaugural lecturelección magistral master class* * *noun f.* * *SF (=tema) lesson; (=clase) lesson, classdar lecciones — to teach, give lessons
servir de lección —
¡qué te sirva de lección! — let that be a lesson to you!
lección práctica — object lesson (de in)
* * *femenino lesson* * *= lesson.Ex. There were lessons in this story which appear to have been ignored but remain valid for the future.----* aprender la lección = learn + Posesivo + lesson.* dar lecciones = give + lessons.* darle una lección a Alguien = school.* dar una lección de humildad = humble.* enseñar una lección = give + a lesson, teach + lesson.* lección de historia = lesson from history, history lesson.* lección de humildad = humbling experience.* lecciones aprendidas = lessons learned [lessons learnt].* lección magistral = lecture.* sacar lecciones de = draw + lessons from.* * *femenino lesson* * *= lesson.Ex: There were lessons in this story which appear to have been ignored but remain valid for the future.
* aprender la lección = learn + Posesivo + lesson.* dar lecciones = give + lessons.* darle una lección a Alguien = school.* dar una lección de humildad = humble.* enseñar una lección = give + a lesson, teach + lesson.* lección de historia = lesson from history, history lesson.* lección de humildad = humbling experience.* lecciones aprendidas = lessons learned [lessons learnt].* lección magistral = lecture.* sacar lecciones de = draw + lessons from.* * *1 (tema) lessonestudiar/repasar/aprender la lección to study/revise/learn the lessontomarle la lección a algn to test sb on the lessonno me supe la lección I hadn't learned the lesson2 (clase) lesson, classda lecciones de física she teaches physicsdoy lecciones de inglés con un profesor nativo I have English lessons o classes with a native speaker3 (ejemplo) lessonsu entereza ante la desgracia fue una lección para todos his strength in the face of misfortune was a lesson to us/them all4 (escarmiento) lesson¡lo que ese chico necesita es una buena lección! that boy needs to be taught a lesson!eso te servirá de lección let that be a lesson to you* * *
lección sustantivo femenino
lesson;
eso te servirá de lección let that be a lesson to you
lección sustantivo femenino lesson
♦ Locuciones: dar una lección a alguien, to teach sb a lesson
tomarle a alguien la lección, to test sb on a lesson: papá te tomará la lección, Daddy will test you on that lesson
' lección' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aleccionador
- aleccionadora
- cadenciosa
- cadencioso
- clase
- impartir
- inclusive
- pasada
- repasar
- aprender
- dedillo
- empollar
- estudiar
- fácil
- preguntar
- saber
English:
lesson
- ram
- let
* * *lección nf1. [clase] lessonlección magistral Mús master class; Educ = lecture given by eminent academic to mark a special occasion;lección de vuelo flying lesson2. [en libro de texto] lesson;aprenderse la lección to learn the lesson3. [enseñanza] lesson;su humildad fue una lección para todos nosotros her humility was a lesson to us all;aprenderse la lección to learn one's lesson;dar lecciones de algo: ¿quién es él para dar lecciones de honradez? who does he think he is, giving lectures about honesty?;dar a alguien una lección [como castigo, advertencia] to teach sb a lesson;[como ejemplo] to give sb a lesson;servir de lección to serve as a lesson;¡que te sirva de lección! let that be a lesson to you!* * *f lesson;dar una lección a alguien fig teach s.o. a lesson;esto le servirá de lección that will teach him a lesson* * ** * *lección n lesson -
12 носитель
-
13 essere di madrelingua inglese
-
14 носитель
м.1) ( обладатель и выразитель чего-л) bearerноси́тель но́вых иде́й — bearer of new ideas
носи́тель языка́ лингв. — informant
носи́тель англи́йского языка́ — native speaker of English
2) мед., биол. carrier3) тех., информ. carrier, mediumноси́тель информа́ции — data medium / carrier
носи́тель заря́да — charge carrier
носи́тель рекла́мы — advertizing medium
представля́ть све́дения на бума́жных носи́телях — submit data in hard-copy form
-
15 носитель
-
16 iemand met Engels als moedertaal
iemand met Engels als moedertaalVan Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > iemand met Engels als moedertaal
-
17 moedertaal
♦voorbeelden: -
18 hispanohablante
adj.Spanish-speaking.f. & m.Spanish speaker.* * *► adjetivo1 Spanish-speaking1 Spanish speaker* * *1.ADJ Spanish-speaking2.SMF Spanish speaker* * *Ihispanoparlante adjetivo Spanish-speakingIIhispanoparlante masculino y femenino Spanish speaker* * *Ex. Recent studies suggest that reading in Spanish may have positive effects on the reading attitudes and academic abilities of Spanish-speaking children and adolescents in the US.----* hispanohablantes = Spanish-speaking people.* * *Ihispanoparlante adjetivo Spanish-speakingIIhispanoparlante masculino y femenino Spanish speaker* * *Ex: Recent studies suggest that reading in Spanish may have positive effects on the reading attitudes and academic abilities of Spanish-speaking children and adolescents in the US.
* hispanohablantes = Spanish-speaking people.* * *Spanish-speakingSpanish speaker* * *
hispanohablante,◊ hispanoparlante sustantivo masculino y femenino
Spanish speaker
hispanohablante
I mf Spanish speaker
II adjetivo Spanish-speaking
' hispanohablante' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ladino
English:
-speaking
* * *♦ adjSpanish-speaking♦ nmfSpanish speaker* * *adj Spanish-speaking* * *hispanohablante adj: Spanish-speakinghispanohablante nmf: Spanish speaker* * *hispanohablante1 adj Spanish speakinghispanohablante2 n Spanish speaker -
19 Grammar
I think that the failure to offer a precise account of the notion "grammar" is not just a superficial defect in linguistic theory that can be remedied by adding one more definition. It seems to me that until this notion is clarified, no part of linguistic theory can achieve anything like a satisfactory development.... I have been discussing a grammar of a particular language here as analogous to a particular scientific theory, dealing with its subject matter (the set of sentences of this language) much as embryology or physics deals with its subject matter. (Chomsky, 1964, p. 213)Obviously, every speaker of a language has mastered and internalized a generative grammar that expresses his knowledge of his language. This is not to say that he is aware of the rules of grammar or even that he can become aware of them, or that his statements about his intuitive knowledge of his language are necessarily accurate. (Chomsky, 1965, p. 8)Much effort has been devoted to showing that the class of possible transformations can be substantially reduced without loss of descriptive power through the discovery of quite general conditions that all such rules and the representations they operate on and form must meet.... [The] transformational rules, at least for a substantial core grammar, can be reduced to the single rule, "Move alpha" (that is, "move any category anywhere"). (Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 21)4) The Relationship of Transformational Grammar to Semantics and to Human Performancehe implications of assuming a semantic memory for what we might call "generative psycholinguistics" are: that dichotomous judgments of semantic well-formedness versus anomaly are not essential or inherent to language performance; that the transformational component of a grammar is the part most relevant to performance models; that a generative grammar's role should be viewed as restricted to language production, whereas sentence understanding should be treated as a problem of extracting a cognitive representation of a text's message; that until some theoretical notion of cognitive representation is incorporated into linguistic conceptions, they are unlikely to provide either powerful language-processing programs or psychologically relevant theories.Although these implications conflict with the way others have viewed the relationship of transformational grammars to semantics and to human performance, they do not eliminate the importance of such grammars to psychologists, an importance stressed in, and indeed largely created by, the work of Chomsky. It is precisely because of a growing interdependence between such linguistic theory and psychological performance models that their relationship needs to be clarified. (Quillian, 1968, p. 260)here are some terminological distinctions that are crucial to explain, or else confusions can easily arise. In the formal study of grammar, a language is defined as a set of sentences, possibly infinite, where each sentence is a string of symbols or words. One can think of each sentence as having several representations linked together: one for its sound pattern, one for its meaning, one for the string of words constituting it, possibly others for other data structures such as the "surface structure" and "deep structure" that are held to mediate the mapping between sound and meaning. Because no finite system can store an infinite number of sentences, and because humans in particular are clearly not pullstring dolls that emit sentences from a finite stored list, one must explain human language abilities by imputing to them a grammar, which in the technical sense is a finite rule system, or programme, or circuit design, capable of generating and recognizing the sentences of a particular language. This "mental grammar" or "psychogrammar" is the neural system that allows us to speak and understand the possible word sequences of our native tongue. A grammar for a specific language is obviously acquired by a human during childhood, but there must be neural circuitry that actually carries out the acquisition process in the child, and this circuitry may be called the language faculty or language acquisition device. An important part of the language faculty is universal grammar, an implementation of a set of principles or constraints that govern the possible form of any human grammar. (Pinker, 1996, p. 263)A grammar of language L is essentially a theory of L. Any scientific theory is based on a finite number of observations, and it seeks to relate the observed phenomena and to predict new phenomena by constructing general laws in terms of hypothetical constructs.... Similarly a grammar of English is based on a finite corpus of utterances (observations), and it will contain certain grammatical rules (laws) stated in terms of the particular phonemes, phrases, etc., of English (hypothetical constructs). These rules express structural relations among the sentences of the corpus and the infinite number of sentences generated by the grammar beyond the corpus (predictions). (Chomsky, 1957, p. 49)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Grammar
-
20 idioma
m.language.* * *1 language* * *noun m.* * *SM language* * *masculino language* * *= language.Nota: Sistema de símbolos para la comunicación que consta normalmente de vocabulario y reglas.Ex. A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.----* idioma de intercambio = exchange language.* idioma nacional = national language.* laboratorio de idiomas = language lab, language laboratory.* programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.* software para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.* * *masculino language* * *= language.Nota: Sistema de símbolos para la comunicación que consta normalmente de vocabulario y reglas.Ex: A paraphrase is an interpretation of the concepts featured in a document, written in the language of the writer of the paraphrase.
* idioma de intercambio = exchange language.* idioma nacional = national language.* laboratorio de idiomas = language lab, language laboratory.* programa para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.* software para el aprendizaje de idiomas = language-learning sofware.* * *languagehabla varios idiomas she speaks several languagesestá claro que no hablamos el mismo idioma we obviously don't speak the same language o aren't on the same wavelengthCompuestos:modern languageworld language, universal language* * *
idioma sustantivo masculino
language
idioma sustantivo masculino language
' idioma' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alemán
- alemana
- árabe
- castellana
- castellano
- catalán
- catalana
- celta
- checa
- checo
- chino
- danés
- danesa
- dominar
- eslava
- eslavo
- eslovena
- esloveno
- español
- española
- euskera
- eusquera
- finlandés
- finlandesa
- flamenca
- flamenco
- francés
- francesa
- gaélica
- gaélico
- galés
- galesa
- gallega
- gallego
- habla
- holandés
- holandesa
- húngara
- húngaro
- inglés
- inglesa
- irlandés
- irlandesa
- kurda
- kurdo
- lastre
- macedonia
- macedonio
- neerlandés
- neerlandesa
English:
Arabic
- Basque
- broken
- Bulgarian
- Castilian
- Catalan
- Celtic
- command
- Czech
- Danish
- Dutch
- English
- ESL
- Estonian
- Finnish
- French
- Gaelic
- Galician
- German
- Greek
- Hebrew
- Irish
- Italian
- know
- language
- Latin
- lingo
- Lithuanian
- mastery
- native
- Norwegian
- polish
- Polynesian
- Portuguese
- Rumanian
- Russian
- Serbo-Croat
- Slovene
- Spanglish
- Spanish
- speak
- speaker
- Swedish
- TEFL
- Tibetan
- tongue
- Ukrainian
- Welsh
- second
* * *idioma nmlanguage* * *m language* * *idioma nm: languageel idioma inglés: the English language* * *idioma n language
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
native speaker — n someone who has learned a particular language as their first language, rather than as a foreign language →non native speaker ▪ For the spoken language, students are taught by native speakers. native speaker of ▪ a native speaker of English … Dictionary of contemporary English
Native Speaker — Author(s) Chang Rae Lee … Wikipedia
native speaker — noun A person who grew up with a particular language as their mother tongue. a native speaker of English See Also: native speaking … Wiktionary
native speaker — noun (C) someone who has learned a particular language as their first language, rather than as a foreign language: a native speaker of English … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
English as a lingua franca — or ELF refers to the use of English between speakers of different varieties of English. The term is used to describe communication that involves people who do not consider English their first language.ELF researchers prefer this term to… … Wikipedia
English grammar — is a body of rules (grammar) specifying how phrases and sentences are constructed in the English language. Accounts of English grammar tend to fall into two groups: the descriptivist , which describes the grammatical system of English; and the… … Wikipedia
English orthography — is the alphabetic spelling system used by the English language. English orthography, like other alphabetic orthographies, uses a set of rules that generally governs how speech sounds are represented in writing. English has relatively complicated… … Wikipedia
native — 1. In many of its meanings, native is uncontroversial: native speaker, native of Liverpool, native oak are typical examples of uneventful usage. The danger signals start to sound when the word is used to mean ‘an original inhabitant of a country’ … Modern English usage
English language — English Pronunciation /ˈ … Wikipedia
English as a foreign or second language — ESL redirects here. For other uses, see ESL (disambiguation). An immigrant makes an American breakfast, aided by instructional materials from the YMCA, 1918. English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages (ESOL) and… … Wikipedia
English as a Foreign or Second Language — ESL (English as a second language), ESOL (English for speakers of other languages), and EFL (English as a foreign language) all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with a different native language. The precise usage, including the… … Wikipedia